IJISC
  • Indexed in

  • Latest News

    December 30, 2024
    Volume 13, Issue 2 of the International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime was published
    July 1, 2024
    Volume 13, Issue 1 of the International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime was published
    December 27, 2023
    Volume 12, Issue 2 of the International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime was published
  • --- More News ---
  • Popular Articles

  • Romania’s Implementation of International and European Cyber Law to Strengthen National Cybersecurity


    Author(s): DRAGOMIR, Andreea; FLORESCU, Ioana

    Quick view | Full article | Citations | Views: 312


    Author(s) keywords: , , , ,


    Reference keywords: ,


    Abstract:

    Since the establishment of the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime in 2001, Romania has been at the forefront of ratifying and implementing the provisions and various directives and cooperating with international partners. In 2021, Romania became the headquarters of the European Center of Industrial, Technological and Research Competence (ECCC) in the field of cybersecurity. Its mission is securing digital infrastructures, conducting research in the field of cybersecurity and making technological developments. Because Romania is such an influential leader in European cybercrime, the purpose of this investigation report is to explore the level of implementation of international law into Romanian law, as well as to discover possible shortcomings. The report will specifically explore the implementation of the Convention on Cybercrime and related European directives into the national framework.



    References:

    [1] “Activity Report 2021,” Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism DIICOT, 2021. [Online]. Accessed: https://www.diicot.ro/images/documents/rapoarte_activitate/raport2021.pdf.
    [2] Arad Court, Criminal sentence no. 38 from Feb. 21, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://rolii.ro/hotarari/5c9c36c1e490098c0900003a.
    [3] Bacău Court, Criminal sentence no. 87 from Feb. 26, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://avocatstoean.ro/drept-penal/infractiune-de-pornografie-infantila-jurisprudenta-viata-sexuala-infractiuni-cu-privire-la/.
    [4] CCDCOE, NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence, “National Cybersecurity Organization: Romania,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2020/11/NCS_organisation_ROM-2020_FINAL.pdf.
    [5] Cluj Court, Criminal sentence no. 344 from Dec. 23, 2019. [Online]. Available at: http://rolii.ro/hotarari/5e4df379e490099c22000038.
    [6] Convention on Cybercrime, ETS No. 185, Council of Europe, 2001. [Online]. Available: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185.
    [7] Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, CETS No. 201, Council of Europe, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=201.
    [8] Council of Europe Recommendation no. R(89)9 on computer-related crime and final report of the European Committee on crime problems, 1990. [Online]. Available: http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/89-9&final%20report.pdf. [This report was written by a group of experts and contains judicial analysis of both a minimal list and an optional list of cybercrimes].
    [9] Council of the European Union ST 13022/1/15 REV 1 DCL 1 Declassification, Evaluation report on the seventh round of mutual evaluations "The practical implementation and operation of European policies on prevention and combating Cybercrime” - Report on Romania, Jan. 18, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://data. consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13022-2015-REV-1-DCL-1/en/pdf.
    [10] Council of the European Union, “Bucharest-based Cybersecurity Competence Center gets green light from Council,” Press Release, Apr. 20, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/04/20/bucharest-based-cybersecurity-competence-centre-gets-green-light-from-council/
    [11] C. R. Romiţan, Criminal Protection of Intellectual Property, C. H. Beck Publishing House, 2006, p. 50-53.
    [12] Decision no. 183 from 29 March 2018 regarding the unconstitutional exception for the provisions in Article 360 para. 3 of the Criminal Code, Emitted by the Romanian Constitutional Court. [Online]. Available: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G2IODM9FPJYD3J05NTPT6T67RA5
    [13] Directive (EU) 2011/93 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA, 2011 O.J. (L335). [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32011L0093.
    [14] Directive (EU) 2013/40 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 on attacks against information systems and replacing Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA, 2013 O.J. (L218).
    [15] Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union, 2016 O.J. (L 194). [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L1148&qid=1658054392460.
    [16] Direcția Nationala de Securitate Cibernetica, “RFC 2350 description of CERT-RO”, Jun. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://dnsc.ro/vezi/document/RFC2350-CERT-RO.
    [17] European Commission, “Commission welcomes political agreement on new rules on cybersecurity of network and information systems,” May 13, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2985.
    [18] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe, Manual of European Law relating to the right of the child, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-ecthr-2015-handbook-european-law-rights-of-the-child_en.pdf.
    [19] Explanatory Report to the Convention on Cybercrime, ETS No. 185. [Online]. Available: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=185.
    [20] G. Zlati, “Cybercrime in Romania”, Cluj Bar Journal, vol. 2021, issue 1 (January-June 2021), pp. 5-30.
    [21] Government Decision no. 1321/2021 for approving the Romania’s Cybersecurity Strategy for 2022-2027. [Online]. Available: https://www.monitoruloficial.ro/Monitorul-Oficial--PI--2Bis--2022.html.
    [22] Law no. 8/1996 Copyright and associated rights. [Online]. Available: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/7816.
    [23] Law no. 161/2003 Title III Preventing and combating cybercrime. [Online]. Available: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/43323.
    [24] Law no. 286/2009 Romanian Criminal Code. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8291/file/Romania_Penal%20Code_ am2017_en.pdf.
    [25] Law no. 135/2010 Criminal Procedure Code. [Online]. Available: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/5896/file/Romania_CPC_am2014_EN.pdf.
    [26] Law no. 362/2018 on ensuring a high common level of security on computer networks and systems. [Online]. Available: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/209670.
    [27] Romania - Cybercrime, Data Protection, Information & Internet, in: Foreign Law Guide, Edited by: Marci Hoffman. Consulted online on 24 May 2022, http://dx.doi.org.unh.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_COM_159096.
    [28] Romania- Intellectual Property, in: Foreign Law Guide, Edited by: Marci Hoffman. Consulted online on 24 May 2022, http://dx.doi.org.unh.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_COM_159094.
    [29] Timiș Court, Criminal Sentence no. 1/PI din 03.01.2020, available at: http://rolii.ro/hotarari/5e34e676e49009e41e00004b.
    [30] National Directorate of Cybersecurity, Case classification 2019/2214 against Romania infringing EU law regarding the failure to comply with obligations from Directive (EU) 2016/1148 (NIS), Oct. 2021, https://dnsc.ro/vezi/document/clasarea-cazului-2019-2214-impotriva-romaniei-nis
    [31] Păvăleanu, V., European Criminal Law, Iasi, Romania: Lumen Publishing, 2018, pg. 204-205.



    Additional Information

    Article Title: Romania’s Implementation of International and European Cyber Law to Strengthen National Cybersecurity
    Author(s): DRAGOMIR, Andreea; FLORESCU, Ioana
    Date of Publication: 2022-12-29
    Publication: International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime
    ISSN: 2285-9225 e-ISSN: 2286-0096
    Digital Object Identifier: 10.19107/IJISC.2022.02.01
    Issue: Volume 11, Issue 2, Year 2022
    Section: Advances in Information Security Research
    Page Range: 19-28 (10 pages)



    Copyright ©2012-2025
    The International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime (IJISC)

    All rights reserved
    The International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime is a trademark of the Romanian Association for Information Security Assurance (RAISA).
    No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, photocopied, recorded or archived, without the written permission from RAISA. When authors submit their papers for publication, they agree that the copyright for their article be transferred to the Romanian Association for Information Security Assurance, if the articles are accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and translations.